Symptoms, Causes and Treatment of Eczema

Red, itchy, dry skin? It could be eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis.

What is eczema?

"Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes itchy, inflamed skin," Avram Derrow, MD, allergy and immunology provider with ProMedica Physicians Allergy and Immunology - Maumee explains.

Children and adults alike may experience this condition. If presents itself in the form of dry, itchy, irritated patches on the skin. Patches may be widespread across the body in children. Generally, as patients enter adulthood, eczema is contained to more localized areas such as elbows, knees or around the eyes.

What are the symptoms of eczema?

In addition to the external symptoms of eczema (dry, itchy, irritated skin), individuals may experience sleeplessness due to discomfort, emotional distress or infection.

Although not believed to be caused by eczema, individuals who experience eczema often also have asthma and/or seasonal, environmental or food allergies.

What causes eczema?

Exactly what causes eczema is not fully understood and may be different for each person. However, it is believed that genetics and environmental factors play a role. "Individuals who have eczema may also have a deficiency in the protein filaggrin, which may cause a breakdown in the skin's integrity," Dr. Derrow shares.

How is eczema treated?

Some people may be able to resolve their eczema without seeing a physician or obtaining a prescription. Follow these steps to try treating eczema on your own:

• Break the "itch-scratch" cycle. "Scratching will only make eczema worse," Dr. Derrow shares. "Break the cycle by moisturizing and using medications that help reduce inflammation and dryness."
• Purchase an over-the-counter moisturizing cream. Find a hydrating cream. "Look for a moisturizer that comes in a tub rather than a pump container. Some moisturizers that come in a pump can actually dehydrate the skin," Dr. Derrow shares.
• Avoid harsh soaps and cleansers. Certain soaps and cleansers may be an irritant to your skin. Use gentle soaps and cleansers to help keep eczema flare-ups at bay.

If your symptoms don't improve, talk to your primary care provider. They will be able to recommend a treatment plan for you that may include an anti-inflammatory prescription, steroids, biological medication in the form of injections or pills, and/or referral to a dermatologist or allergy/immunology specialist.

Is eczema curable?

Eczema is a chronic condition that does not have a cure. Long-term management of symptoms is necessary. Treatments can help maintain the integrity of your skin, reduce visible symptoms and improve comfort.