Using Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer

Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy X-rays to treat cancer. These are therapeutic X-rays, which are different from diagnostic X-rays. Radiation can be an effective cancer treatment and is designed to prevent cancer cells from growing and multiplying. The goal is to slow or stop tumor growth and, in many cases, completely destroy the tumor.

Your radiation therapy treatment is administered in stages. You're supported by experienced professionals and caregivers along the way.

What are the steps to radiation therapy treatment?

• Your first visit: This is a consultation to discuss your cancer and treatment options with your radiation oncologist. This is a time to ask questions. If possible, bring a family member.
• Simulation: Your radiation oncologist uses X-ray equipment called a "simulator" to aid in your treatment plan. Sometimes, a non-toxic dye is injected in order to outline certain organs. Prior to the simulation, your radiation therapist places you into a special positioning device that will hold your body still during treatment.
• Planning marks: During your simulation, you're given either small black permanent marks, about the size of a freckle, or similarly sized semi-permanent marks. These marks create a focal point for the radiation treatment machine so treatment can be given to precisely the same spot each time.
• Receiving treatments: A machine called a "linear accelerator" provides your therapeutic radiation dosages. You'll lie on a table, sometimes shielded by protective blocks, and will be raised under the linear accelerator. The treatment machine will move to a predetermined position and apply the radiation treatment. You won't feel or see the radiation. Expect weekly assessments while you're given treatment to see how your body responds.
• Follow-up care: It's extremely important to schedule regular exams after you've finished your radiation treatment. This may include blood work and X-rays. Continue to maintain a healthy lifestyle after your treatment is complete.